Tamma notes that the setup created by the team in Bremen could likely be used to test gravity theories at the quantum level. The researchers note that small changes in the setup, such as reducing the number of atoms in the cloud, could possibly lead to even lower temperatures. The process lasted only two seconds, but that was enough to show it produced a record cold environment. Detectors on the sides of the tower measured the kinetic energy of the atoms in the cloud as they passed by. The researchers then turned the trap off, allowing the cloud to expand in every direction (and making it even colder) as it fell down the length of the tower. The cloud was held in place by a magnetic trap that also served as a matter-wave lens that focused the atoms in the cloud into a Bose-Einstein condensate, making the cloud grow cold. They started by creating a gas cloud at the top of the tower made of rubidium atoms. The work employed a quantum gas lens and the famous Bremen Drop Tower in Bremen, Germany, which has a 122-meter-high drop tube. In this new effort, the researchers have created the coldest environment ever by using a lens made out of a quantum gas. Such changes in the properties of substances have been the subject of much research, as have efforts aimed at creating colder environments for testing. The liquid form of helium, for example, becomes a superfluid at very low temperatures. Prior research has also shown that as substances grow colder, some begin to see a change in their properties. Prior research has suggested that the lowest possible temperature that can exist is absolute zero-0 Kelvin. Vincenzo Tamma with the University of Portsmouth has published a Viewpoint article in the same journal issue discussing the work done by the team in Germany. In their paper published in the journal Physics, the group describes their work with a time-domain matter-wave lens system. Its in the top 3 bestselling stereo systems and has a couple of popular alternatives in the same price range, such as Panasonic SC-HC39 Micro or Bose Acoustic Wave II. Bose Wave SoundTouch IV is a very popular option at the top of the price range. Credit: APS/Alan Stonebraker, via PhysicsĪ team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and two in France has set a new record for the lowest temperature ever recorded in a lab setting-38 picokelvins. Bose Wave Music System III is 355.56 more expensive than an average stereo system (199.99). For comparison, 2D collimation (no induced oscillations but only magnetic lens) is shown on the left.
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Full 3D collimation is observed after free fall via absorption imaging of the BEC (bottom). To reduce the expansion in the other two dimensions, a cylindrical magnetic lens (qualitatively shown in green) is applied after 80 ms, when the interaction energy has been converted into kinetic energy. The BEC is released once it has collapsed around its axis (right), leading to a reduced expansion along that same axis (red arrows). The new 3D collimation technique begins by inducing a collective mode oscillation in the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) due to atomic interactions (top).